Modeling the Psychological Structure of Muḥāsabah in Academic Self-Evaluation and Physiological Fatigue through Confirmatory Factor Analysis

M. Agung Rahmadi; Helsa Nasution; Luthfiah Mawar

doi:10.26539/teraputik/1421/10/1/2026

Authors

M. Agung Rahmadi Universitas Alwashliyah Author
Helsa Nasution Universitas Alwashliyah Author
Luthfiah Mawar Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Sehati Author

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.26539/teraputik/1421/10/1/2026

Keywords:

Islamic psychology, confirmatory factor analysis, physiological fatigue, academic self-evaluation, muḥāsabah

Abstract

This study aims to explore the psychological structure of muḥāsabah as a self-evaluative construct within the context of academic performance and physiological fatigue monitoring, using a data-driven meta-analytic approach. Muḥāsabah, as a form of systematic introspection rooted in the Islamic intellectual tradition, is hypothesized to possess measurable psychological dimensions with substantial empirical relevance. Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) was applied to 47 datasets obtained from 23 international academic repositories (2014–2024), comprising a total of 6,842 units of analysis from Muslim student populations across Southeast Asia. The CFA results demonstrated that the three-factor model of muḥāsabah, comprising cognitive self-monitoring, affective regulation, and transcendental orientation, exhibited an excellent model fit (χ²/df = 2.31; CFI = 0.96; TLI = 0.95; RMSEA = 0.048; SRMR = 0.051). All factor loadings ranged from 0.61 to 0.84 (p < 0.001), indicating strong convergent validity. The correlation between muḥāsabah and academic self-evaluation reached r = 0.67 (p < 0.001), while a significant negative association was identified between muḥāsabah and physiological fatigue (β = −0.43; p < 0.001). Compared with the findings of Hasan et al. (2021) who reported a correlation of r = 0.51, and Bashori et al. (2026), who identified β = −0.31, the present study demonstrates a larger effect size and a more differentiated factor structure. The novelty of this research lies in operationalizing muḥāsabah as a multidimensional psychometric construct integrated into a physiological fatigue model. This approach has not been examined in the existing literature through confirmatory analysis.

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