Analysis of Daily Behavior of Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) in Ex Situ Conservation Area

Abstract

Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) is one of the endemic primates of Sumatra whose population continues to decline due to habitat destruction, illegal hunting, and wildlife trade. Conservation efforts through ex situ conservation are important to support species preservation and animal welfare. This study aimed to analyze the daily behavior of siamang in an ex situ conservation area. The research was conducted at Taman Margasatwa Ragunan, South Jakarta, using a qualitative descriptive method with scan sampling observation techniques. Behavioral observations included resting, locomotion, feeding, grooming, vocalization, and social behavior. Data collection was carried out through direct observation and documentation of two adult siamangs, namely one male and one female. The results showed that the daily activity patterns of both individuals were relatively similar. Adult male siamang behavior was dominated by locomotion activities (35.8%), followed by vocalization (24.7%), feeding (12.8%), resting (11.4%), social behavior (9.8%), and grooming (6.1%). Meanwhile, adult female siamang behavior was dominated by locomotion (33.9%), vocalization (24.7%), social behavior (17.7%), feeding (10.8%), resting (7.5%), and grooming (5.4%). The findings indicate that the siamangs were able to adapt to the ex situ environment while still displaying natural behavioral patterns. This study can serve as a reference in improving animal welfare management and conservation strategies for siamangs in captivity.