Multimodalitas Ujaran Kebencian dalam Toxic Comments di Media Sosial
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30998/4f0xsa96Keywords:
Multimodalitas; hate speech; toxic comments; media sosialAbstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis peran bahasa verbal dan berbagai unsur multimodal dalam membentuk dan mengonstruksi makna ujaran kebencian (hate speech) dalam toxic comments di media sosial; dan (2) menganalisis ujaran kebencian dalam toxic comments merefleksikan dinamika sosial, relasi antarkelompok, serta pola interaksi yang berkembang dalam ruang komunikasi digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Systematic Literature Review (SLR) dengan pedoman PRISMA 2020. Data diperoleh melalui penelusuran artikel jurnal internasional periode 2021–2026 yang terindeks di Google Scholar. Sebanyak 10 artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dianalisis secara tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa makna ujaran kebencian dibangun melalui interaksi antara teks, gambar, meme, emoji, simbol visual, dan elemen tipografis yang bekerja secara simultan. Integrasi berbagai moda tersebut memperkuat daya ilokusi, ekspresi emosi, dan pesan ideologis yang terkandung dalam ujaran kebencian. Selain itu, ujaran kebencian multimodal ditemukan merefleksikan polarisasi identitas, konflik sosial-politik, relasi antarkelompok, serta perubahan norma komunikasi dalam masyarakat digital. Temuan penelitian menegaskan bahwa hate speech merupakan fenomena komunikasi multimodal yang tidak dapat dipahami hanya melalui analisis linguistik. Kajian ini berkontribusi pada pengembangan perspektif multimodalitas dalam studi komunikasi digital serta memberikan dasar bagi penguatan literasi digital dan pengembangan sistem moderasi konten yang lebih kontekstual.
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Copyright (c) 2026 Agustiansyah Amanda, Suhartono, Agusniar Dian Savitri (Author)
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